Gastrografin (Sodium and meglumine diatrizoate) added to barium during a small bowel study increases the transit time of barium through the small bowel
A narrow spectrum of sizes of barium sulphate particles is needed to demonstrate the areae gastricae
A lower density of Barium is used for double contrast studies than is used for single contrast studies of the stomach
A barium suspension of 12%w/v is used to opacify the gastrointestinal tract during CT scans
Barium has been used intravascularly as a therapeutic agent-------------------------------------- *
Question 2 : Regarding MR contrast media
All Gadolinium chelates are ionic
Gadolinium acts as a negative contrast agent at high concentrations *
Barium sulphate can be used as a GI contrast agent for MR scanning
Gadolinium DTPA is diamagnetic ------------------------------ *
Gadolinium DTPA is excreted by the kidneys------------------------- *
Question 3 : The following statements are true
The ligamentum teres is a fibrous remnant of the right umbilical vein
The caudate lobe is supplied solely by the branches of the right hepatic artery
The portal vein lies anterior to the foramen of Winslow----------------------------- *
A replaced (aberrant origin from the superior mesenteric artery) right hepatic artery is found in 10% of the population -------------------- *
The caudate lobe has an independent venous drainage into the inferior vena cava------------------------- *
Question 4 : The following statements are true
Ossification centre for the manubrium is visible at birth--------------------------------- *
The ossification centre for the upper end of the tibia appears before the centre for the lower end of the femur
The pudendal nerve runs in the ischioanal fossa--------------------------- *
A left posterior oblique view of the pelvis demonstrates the right sacroiliac joint------------------- *
A left posterior oblique view of the pelvis demonstrates the left common iliac bifurcation on angiography------------------- *
Question 5 : The following structures pass through the foramen magnum
Vertebral arteries------------------------ *
12th Cranial Nerves
Apical ligament of dens------------------ *
Internal carotid arteries
Sympathetic chains
Question 6 : During orthopantomography of the mandible
non screen cassettes are used for better detail
the temporomandibular joints are not seen
only horizontal and not vertical magnification is seen
the lamina dura is seen clearly------------------------------- *
the radiograph is exposed in a posteroanterior projection
Question 7 : Signal to noise ratio in MRI is increased by the following
Smaller voxels
less acquisitions
Shorter TR
Longer TE
use of surface coils---------------------------- *
Question 8 : The following statements are true
The trachea descends on expiration---------------------------- *
The axillary artery is divided into three segments by the scalenus anticus
The vertebral artery passes through the foramen transversarium of C7
The ureter passes over the vas deferens
Antibiotic cover is not routinely recommended for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Question 9 : The following statements are true
The parotid duct pierces the masseter muscle
The optic nerve has its own subarachnoid space----------------------------- *
The superior semicircular canal is parallel to the long axis of the petrous bone------------------------- *
The bulging of the lateral semicircular canal causes the promontory canal
The crista falciformis is the site of attachment of the tympanic membrane
Question 10 : During fetal ultrasonography
the use of Doppler should be routine in every case
renal pelvis dilatation of 10 mm is normal
transvaginal scanning always gives more information in antepartum haemorrhage
abdominal circumference is measured where the umbilical veins are seen entering the abdomen
diaphragmatic movements in the 2nd trimester are abnormal------------------------------ *
---------------------------------------
BANANA SIGN SEEN IN
1.SPINA BIFIDA-------------
2.HYDROCEPHALUS------------------
--------------------------------
banana sign is seen in spina bifida.
"Certain fetal cranial abnormalities
found on second-trimester sonograms
can be signs of an open spina
bifida. In particular, an abnormal
configuration of the cerebellum,
known as the banana sign, has been
associated with neural tube defects."
------lemon sign frontal notching ( seen in normal fetuses too ) ,banana sign elongation of cerebellum
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Q---- in treatment of papillary carcinoma thyroid radioiodine destroys the neoplastuc cells predominantly by :
1 x rays 2 b rays 3 gamma rays 4 alpha rays
confusion is Trip says . BY B RAYS BUT HARRISON (P 486 16TH EDI ) DESTRUCTION BY GAMMA RAYS ANY GOOD OPINION ?
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from HARRISON - nuclear medicine physicians or radiation oncologists may administer radionuclides with therapeutic effects. Iodine-131 is used to treat thyroid cancer as iodine is naturally taken up preferentially by the thyroid. It emits gamma rays that destroy the normal thyroid as well as the tumor. Strontium-89 and samarium-153 are two radionuclides that are preferentially taken up in bone, particularly sites of new bone formation. Both are capable of controlling bone metastases and the pain associated with them, but the dose-limiting toxicity is myelosuppression.
hariison says gamma rays but radiologists say beta rays . u decide .
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